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Avec 3 885 km2, c'est le deuxième émirat en termes de superficie, après Abou Dabi. Ouvert sur le golfe Persique et situé entre les émirats de Charjah au nord et à l'est et d'Abou Dabi au sud, la majeure partie du territoire est occupée par le désert du Rub al-Khali. La petite enclave de Hatta est sise dans les montagnes sur la frontière avec le sultanat d'Oman. L'essentiel de la population urbaines de l'émirat est concentrée dans la ville de Dubaï, la capitale de l'émirat, auxquelles les agglomérations de Charjah et d'Ajman sont associé au sein d'une vaste conurbation, bien que ces deux dernières villes soient capitales d'émirats distincts. Quoique n'étant ni l'émirat le plus grand ni le plus peuplé, Dubaï est devenu le plus connu des sept émirats qui composent la fédération. Cette renommée est due à la médiatisation des projets touristiques construite dans sa capitale, comme l'hôtel Burj-Al-Arab, le plus luxueux et le plus « étoilé » du monde, au gigantisme des projets immobiliers comme Palm Islands, presqu'île artificielle en forme de palmier, The World, archipel artificiel qui reproduit la carte du monde, la Dubaï Marina à l'architecture particulière et démesurée, sans oublier l'immeuble le plus haut du monde, le Burj Khalifa. Ces projets, revendiqués par le gouvernement, sont présentés comme étant un moyen de devenir d'ici quelques années la première destination mondiale du tourisme de luxe et de devenir l'un des pôles mondiaux du tourisme familial, d'affaires, commercial, etc. The earliest recorded mention of Dubai is in 1095, and the earliest settlement known as Dubai town dates from 1799. Dubai was formally established in 1833 by Sheikh Maktoum bin Buti al Maktoum when he persuaded 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe, living in what is now part of Saudi Arabia, to follow him to the Dubai Creek by the Al Abu Falasa clan of Bani Yas, and it remained under clan control when the United Kingdom assumed the protection of Dubai in 1892.[6] Its geographical location made it an important trading hub and by the beginning of the 20th century, it was an important port. In 1966, the year oil was discovered, Dubai and the emirate of Qatar set up a new monetary unit to replace the Gulf Rupee. The oil economy led to a massive influx of foreign workers, quickly expanding the city by 300% and bringing in international oil interests. The modern emirate of Dubai was created after the UK left the area in 1971. At this time Dubai, together with Abu Dhabi and four other emirates, formed the United Arab Emirates. The following year Ras al Khaimah joined the federation while Qatar and Bahrain chose to remain independent nations. In 1973, the monetary union with Qatar was dissolved and the UAE Dirham introduced throughout the UAE. A free trade zone was built around the Jebel Ali port in 1979, allowing foreign companies unrestricted import of labor and export capital. The Gulf War of 1990 had a negative financial effect on the city, as depositors withdrew their money and traders withdrew their trade, but subsequently the city recovered in a changing political climate and thrived. Today, Dubai City has emerged as a global city and a business hub.[7] Although Dubai's economy was built on the oil industry, the emirate's model of business drives its economy, with the effect that its main revenues are now from tourism, real estate, and financial services, similar to that of Western countries.[8][9][10] Dubai has recently attracted world attention through many innovative large construction projects and sports events. This increased attention has highlighted labour rights and human rights issues concerning its largely South Asian workforce.[11] Dubai's property market experienced a major deterioration in 2008 and 2009 as a result of the worldwide economic downturn following the Financial crisis of 2007--2010.